# Dating cave paintings

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Above the Venus, and in contact with it, is a bison head, which has led some to describe the composite drawing as a. A fellow countryman maintained that the paintings had been produced by a contemporary artist, on Sautuola's orders. Sautuola examined the cave further along with Juan Vilanova y Piera, an archeologist from the University of Madrid, and the pair published a report 1880 stating that the cave's wall paintings and engravings belonged to the Palelithic era of prehistory.\
&#x20;![dating cave paintings](http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/04/11/16/3310220500000578-3534242-image-a-78_1460386857861.jpg)\\

This is exactly what happened at Altamira, where the main body of art is Magdalenian c. Dendrochronology has become important to art historians in the dating of panel paintings, and can also provide information as to the source of the panel. Many of the paintings appear to have been made only after the walls were scraped clear of debris and concretions, leaving a smoother and noticeably lighter area upon which the artists worked. In the distance, steep limestone hills rise from the glad, perhaps 400 feet tall, the remains of an ancient coral reef. Incaves and scarps along the Thai-Burmese border, in the Petchabun Range of Central Thailand, and overlooking the Dating cave paintings River in Nakorn Sawan Province, all contain galleries of rock paintings. Ministry of Information and National Guidance, U Democratic Republic. Archived from on 21 September 2013.

That radioactive element provided a way for scientists to date the cave art. One drawing, later overlaid with a sketch of a deer, is reminiscent of a volcano spewing lava, similar to the regional volcanoes that were active at the time. Using this measure, Chauvet's art is closer to Solutrean or Magdalenian in age, at least 10,000 years later than the dates suggest.\
&#x20;![dating cave paintings](http://s3.amazonaws.com/medias.photodeck.com/ce67f5ea-ad62-4333-9ec9-3256a235bfe3/mm8200130409_08930_uxga.jpg)\\

**Radiocarbon** - More importantly, if it is found below the object archaeologists know it must be older. Paintings on plates, in the entrance part of the cave, or in rock shelters.\
&#x20;![dating cave paintings](https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/0b/18/16/0b18160e83ca289d65425ee67798ee91.jpg)\\

The Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc Cave in the department of southern France is a that contains some of the best-preserved figurative in the world, as well as other evidence of life. It is located near the commune of on a cliff above the former bed of the , in the. The cave was first explored by a group of three : Eliette Brunel-Deschamps, Christian Hillaire, and Jean-Marie Chauvet for whom it was named. Chauvet has a detailed account of the discovery. In addition to the paintings and other human evidence, they also discovered remains, prints, and markings from a variety of animals, some of which are now extinct. Further study by French has revealed much about the site. The dates have been a matter of dispute but a study published in 2012 supports placing the art in the period, approximately 32,000—30,000 years. A study published in 2016 using additional 88 radiocarbon dates showed two periods of habitation, one 37,000 to 33,500 years ago and the second from 31,000 to 28,000 years ago with most of the black drawings dating to the earlier period. The cave is situated above the previous course of the before the opened up. The gorges of the Ardèche region are the site of numerous caves, many of them having some or importance. Based on , the cave appears to have been used by humans during two distinct periods: the and the. Most of the artwork dates to the earlier, Aurignacian, era 30,000 to 32,000 years ago. The footprints may be the oldest human footprints that can be dated accurately. After the child's visit to the cave, evidence suggests that due to a landslide which covered its historical entrance, the cave remained untouched until it was discovered in 1994. Fossilized bones are abundant and include the skulls of cave bears and the horned of an. A set of foot prints of a young child and a wolf or dog walking side by side was found in this cave. This information suggests the could date to before the last Ice Age. Painting of Deer Hundreds of animal paintings have been catalogued, depicting at least 13 different , including some rarely or never found in other paintings. Rather than depicting only the familiar herbivores that predominate in Paleolithic cave art, i. There are also paintings of rhinoceroses. Above the Venus, and in contact with it, is a bison head, which has led some to describe the composite drawing as a. There are a few panels of hand prints and made by blowing over hands pressed against the cave surface. There are also two unidentifiable images that have a vaguely butterfly or avian shape to them. This combination of subjects has led some students of prehistoric art and cultures to believe that there was a , , or aspect to these paintings. One drawing, later overlaid with a sketch of a deer, is reminiscent of a volcano spewing lava, similar to the regional volcanoes that were active at the time. If confirmed, this would represent the earliest known drawing of a volcanic eruption. The artists who produced these paintings used techniques rarely found in other cave art. Many of the paintings appear to have been made only after the walls were scraped clear of debris and concretions, leaving a smoother and noticeably lighter area upon which the artists worked. Similarly, a three-dimensional quality and the suggestion of movement are achieved by incising or around the outlines of certain figures. Some archaeologists have questioned these dates. Christian Züchner, relying on stylistic comparisons with similar paintings at other well-dated sites, expressed the opinion that the red paintings are from the period c. Pettitt and Bahn also contended that the dating is inconsistent with the traditional stylistic sequence and that there is uncertainty about the source of the charcoal used in the drawings and the extent of surface contamination on the exposed rock surfaces. Stylistic studies showed that some Gravettian engravings are superimposed on black paintings proving the paintings' older origins. By 2011, more than 80 radiocarbon dates had been taken, with samples from torch marks and from the paintings themselves, as well as from animal bones and charcoal found on the cave floor. The radiocarbon dates from these samples suggest that there were two periods of creation in Chauvet: 35,000 years ago and 30,000 years ago. A research article published in in May 2012 by scientists from the , and the Centre National de Prehistoire confirmed that the paintings were created by people in the era, between 30,000 and 32,000 years ago. Their analysis showed that the entrance was sealed by a collapsing cliff some 29,000 years ago. Their findings put the date of human presence in the cave and the paintings in line with that deduced from radiocarbon dating, i. A 2016 study in the same journal examining 259 radiocarbon dates, some unpublished before, concluded that there were two phases of human occupation, one running from 37,000 to 33,500 years ago and the second from 31,000 to 28,000 years ago. All but two of the dates for the black drawings were from the earlier phase. The authors believe that the first phase ended with a rockfall that sealed the cave, with two more rockfalls at the end of the second occupation phase after which no humans or large animals entered the cave until it was rediscovered. They produced black drawings of huge mammals. Then, several thousands of years after, another group from another place with another culture visited the cave. Access is severely restricted owing to the experience with decorated caves such as and found in the 19th and 20th century, where the admission of visitors on a large scale led to the growth of mold on the walls that damaged the art in places. In 2000 the archaeologist and expert on cave paintings was appointed to oversee conservation and management of the cave. She was followed in 2014 by Marie Bardisa. It is the largest cave replica ever built worldwide, ten times bigger than the Lascaux facsimile. The art is reproduced full-size in a condensed replica of the underground environment, in a circular building above ground, a few kilometres from the actual cave. Dawn of art : the Chauvet Cave : the oldest known paintings in the world. Knopf: New York, NY, USA, 2006, pp. A Dog's History of the World. Art Across Time 4th ed. The New Yorker Magazine. See also Chauvet 1996 , p. Bahn's foreword and Clottes' epilogue to Chauvet 1996 discuss dating. Communication at the International Rock Art Congress IRAC ´98. Clottes 2003b , pp. Journal of Human Evolution, 2008 Aug 2. Bahn , Oxford 2009, pp. Retrieved May 8, 2012. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved May 8, 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2015. TRACCE Online Rock Art Bulletin. Retrieved 8 February 2015. Science of the Total Environment. Dawn of Art: The Chauvet Cave. Bahn Foreword , Jean Clottes Epilogue. New York: Harry N. English translation by Paul G. Return To Chauvet Cave, Excavating the Birthplace of Art: The First Full Report. Chauvet Cave: The Art of Earliest Times. University of Utah Press. Translation of La Grotte Chauvet, l'art des origins, Éditions du Seuil, 2001. The Mind in the Cave. Journal of Consciousness Studies. Archived from PDF on 2013-07-29. With responses by Paul Bahn, Steven Mithen, et al. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
